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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(3): 1013-1022, mar. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153827

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este texto tem como finalidade discutir o cuidado de trabalhadoras da área da saúde em face da Covid-19, sob a análise sociológica de autoras que o vêm discutindo enquanto um trabalho que é desempenhado, na sua maioria, pelas mulheres das classes populares, é desvalorizado e sofre baixa remuneração. É uma atividade que envolve as construções sociais das emoções e tem utilizado o corpo como um instrumento de trabalho no cuidado com o outro. Além disso, a precarização do trabalho em saúde na sociedade brasileira acirrada nas últimas décadas, como o aumento de contratos temporários, perdas de direitos trabalhistas, a sobrecarga das atividades, condições de trabalho precárias, dentre outros, soma-se com o aumento dos atendimentos médico-hospitalares diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Neste contexto, as trabalhadoras em saúde vivenciam as ausências de equipamentos de proteção individual, medo de contaminação pelo vírus, preocupações com filhos e familiares, vivências diante da morte e do adoecimento de si e de colegas de profissão. Este texto aponta para a necessidade de atenção governamental, bem como para a gestão do trabalho em saúde e dos órgãos de classe profissional, analisando as condições de trabalho que as trabalhadoras em saúde estão vivendo no enfrentamento da pandemia.


Abstract The article aims to discuss the care provided by female healthcare workers in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic, based on a sociological analysis by authors who discuss such care as devalued and poorly paid work performed to a large extent by low-income women. The work involves social constructions of emotions and has used the body as a work instrument in care for others. In addition, the increasingly precarious nature of health work in Brazilian society, aggravated in recent decades, with an increase in temporary contracts, loss of labor rights, overload of tasks, and adverse work conditions, among others, adds to the increase in medical and hospital care in the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, female healthcare workers experience lack of personal protective equipment, fear of coronavirus infection, concerns with their children and other family members, and illness and death of coworkers and themselves. The article highlights the need for government attention and management of healthcare work and professional societies, analyzing the work conditions female healthcare workers are experiencing in confronting the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Health Personnel/economics , Health Personnel/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Pandemics , Salaries and Fringe Benefits/trends , Brazil/epidemiology , Attitude to Death , Family , Sex Factors , Workplace/standards , Workplace/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Fear , Sociological Factors , Personal Protective Equipment/supply & distribution , National Health Programs
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(8): 2753-2762, Ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890419

ABSTRACT

Resumo O envelhecimento da população e o crescimento no número de pessoas expostas aos cuidados do sistema de saúde suplementar no Brasil aumentam a preocupação dos gestores públicos e privados com o crescimento dos custos da área de saúde. Neste trabalho foram analisados os custos por gênero, por tipo de gasto médico e por faixa etária de uma operadora de autogestão brasileira no período entre 2007 a 2013. Tal operadora é de grande interesse pois além de retratar uma condição única de restrição de crescimento de receita, também replica o perfil demográfico esperado para o Brasil no ano de 2050, quando aproximadamente um terço da sua população estará acima dos 60 anos. As análises corroboram a literatura vigente uma vez que demonstram um aumento na utilização do plano pelos mais idosos, e apontam para uma diferença nas taxas de internação entre os gêneros. O estudo também mostra um expressivo aumento no tempo médio de permanência nos hospitais e mostra crescimento dos gastos médicos muito acima da inflação, com destaque para materiais e medicamentos. No geral, esperamos que o presente estudo auxilie estudiosos e interessados em futuras comparações dos gastos médicos por idade e gênero e que colabore na sustentabilidade das operadoras de saúde no Brasil.


Abstract Brazil's aging population and the rising number of people reliant upon the country's supplementary healthcare system have elicited the concern of public and private managers regarding the increase in healthcare costs. In this paper, the costs per gender, per type of medical expenses and per age group of a major Brazilian self-managed healthcare provider between 2007 and 2013 were analyzed. This healthcare provider is of interest because, besides portraying a single condition of revenue growth restricted to the existing contributors, it also replicates the demographic profile expected for Brazil in 2050, when approximately one-third of its population will be over 60 years of age. The analyses confirm the current literature as they show an increase in healthcare plan usage by the elderly and the difference between admission rates by gender. They also reveal an increase in average length of stay in hospital and the increase in medical costs far above inflation, especially for materials and medicines. It is hoped that this study will help scholars and others interested in comparisons of medical expense trends, especially by age and sex, and that it encourages further collaboration on the sustainability of health insurance providers in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Health Care Costs/trends , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Health Expenditures/trends , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Aging , Sex Factors , Age Factors , Health Personnel/economics , Delivery of Health Care/economics , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/trends , Middle Aged
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(6): 1759-1769, jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840002

ABSTRACT

Resumo Os limites para as despesas com pessoal impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) têm sido apontados pelos gestores municipais de saúde como obstáculo à política do setor. O artigo analisa a tendência linear dos indicadores de despesas com pessoal e a correlação deste com o perfil de gastos com pessoal da saúde de 5.356 municípios brasileiros, entre 2004 e 2009. O estudo, de série temporal, recorreu aos dados do Finanças do Brasil (Finbra) e do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde (Siops). Observou-se uma tendência de aumento de 1,3% nas médias anuais da despesa total com pessoal dos municípios, porém as despesas com pessoal da saúde não acompanharam esse crescimento. Não houve correlação entre os indicadores, portanto, esse resultado se opõe aos argumentos dos gestores de saúde, que atribuem à LRF os problemas para contratação de trabalhadores e expansão dos sistemas de saúde. A disponibilidade de dados dos sistemas Finbra e Siops associado à carência de conhecimento sobre o assunto tornam oportunas novas pesquisas.


Abstract The limits for expenditure on personnel that were imposed by the Fiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) have been considered by local health managers as an obstacle to health sector policies. This paper analyzes the linear trend for the personnel expenses indicators and the correlation of this with the profile of spending on health care personnel in 5,356 Brazilian municipalities from 2004 to 2009. The study of the time series used data from the ‘Finanças do Brasil’ (Finbra) and data from the Information System on Public Health Budgets (SIOPS). There was a trend towards an increase of 1.3% in the annual average of total personnel expenditure in the municipalities, but the cost of health care staff did not follow that growth. There were no correlations between the indicators, and this result is contrary to the arguments given by the health managers. They attribute the problems with hiring workers and the expansion of health systems to the FRA. The availability of data from the Finbra and the Siops system is associated with a lack of knowledge on these issues. This makes it an opportune time for conducting new research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health/economics , Health Personnel/economics , Health Expenditures/trends , Health Policy , Brazil , Budgets/trends , Information Systems , Cities
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(5): 1377-1388, Mai. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-781029

ABSTRACT

Resumo A forma de remuneração dos profissionais pode ter implicação no modo como desempenham suas atividades. A remuneração fixa pode ser realizada por meio de salário, pagamento por produção ou por capitação. Além da remuneração fixa, diversos sistemas têm utilizado a variável. Neste artigo são apresentadas as experiências de Curitiba e do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil, e de Lisboa, em Portugal, na utilização de diferentes modelos de pagamento por performance. Os gestores nesses três exemplos sentiram a necessidade de utilizar uma premiação monetária para alcançar determinados objetivos. Os indicadores analisam estrutura, processo e resultados e avaliam profissionais individualmente e equipes de saúde. Em Lisboa, o pagamento pode representar até 40% do vencimento base, enquanto em Curitiba e no Rio de Janeiro vai até 10%. Apesar da crescente utilização dessa ferramenta de gestão no Brasil e no mundo, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a efetividade dessas iniciativas.


Abstract How professionals are compensated may affect how they perform their tasks. Fixed compensation may take the form of wages, payment for productivity or capitation. In addition to fixed compensation, there are numerous mechanisms for variable compensation. This article describes the experience of Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, and Lisbon in Portugal, using different models of performance-based compensation. In all three of these examples, management felt the need to offer monetary reward to achieve certain goals. The indicators analyzed the structure, processes and outcomes, and assessed professionals individual and as part of healthcare teams. In Lisbon, variable compensation can be as high as 40% of the base wage, while in Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro it is limited to 10%. Despite the growing use of this management tool in Brazil and the world, further studies are required to analyze the effectiveness of variable compensation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team/economics , Primary Health Care/economics , Salaries and Fringe Benefits/statistics & numerical data , Health Personnel/economics , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Portugal , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Brazil
5.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(10): 2127-2136, Out. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770608

ABSTRACT

Abstract This work reports the process and costs of comprehensively implementing two tests to decentralize the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in an endemic city in Brazil: a rapid test (IT LEISH) and a direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC). The implementation began by training health professionals to perform the tests. Estimation of the training costs considered the proportional remuneration of all professionals involved and the direct costs of the tests used for training. The study was conducted between November 2011 and November 2013. During that time, 17 training sessions were held, and 175 professionals were trained. The training cost for each professional was US$ 7.13 for the IT LEISH and US$ 9.93 for the DAT-LPC. The direct costs of the IT LEISH and DAT-LPC were estimated to be US$ 6.62 and US$ 5.44, respectively. This first evaluation of the implementation of these diagnostic tests indicates the feasibility of decentralizing both methods to extend access to VL diagnosis in Brazil.


Resumo Este trabalho relata o processo e os custos da implantação de dois testes para descentralizar o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral (LV) em um município endêmico no Brasil: um teste rápido (IT LEISH) e um teste de aglutinação direta (DAT-LPC). A implantação iniciou com o treinamento dos profissionais de saúde do município na realização dos testes diagnósticos. Os itens incluídos nas estimativas de custo das capacitações foram a remuneração proporcional de todos os profissionais envolvidos e os custos diretos dos testes usados. O estudo foi conduzido entre novembro de 2011 e novembro de 2013. Durante esse período, 17 capacitações foram realizadas e 175 profissionais treinados. O custo relacionado a cada profissional de saúde capacitado na realização do IT LEISH foi de US$ 7,13 e na realização do DAT-LPC, de US$ 9,93. O custo direto do IT LEISH e do DAT-LPC foi estimado em US$ 6,62 e US$ 5,44, respectivamente. Esta primeira avaliação da implantação desses dois testes aponta para a viabilidade da descentralização de ambos os métodos, que aumentam o acesso ao diagnóstico da LV no Brasil.


Resumen Este trabajo relata la puesta en funcionamiento y los costos de pruebas de diagnóstico de VL en un municipio endémico en Brasil: el test rápido (IT LEISH) y la prueba de aglutinación directa (DAT-LPC). Esta puesta en marcha comenzó por capacitar al personal sanitario del municipio para la realización de las pruebas. Para estimar los costos de la capacitación, se consideró la remuneración proporcional de todo el personal involucrado y los costos directos derivados de la aplicación de las pruebas. El estudio fue realizado entre noviembre de 2011 y noviembre de 2013. En ese periodo se realizaron 17 capacitaciones y se formaron 175 profesionales. Se calcula que el costo derivado de capacitar cada profesional para realizar el IT LEISH fue de 7.13 US$ y 9.93 US$ para el DAT-LPC. Los costos directos del IT LEISH y del DAT-LPC se estimaron en 6,62 US$ y 5,44 US$ respectivamente. La primera evaluación de la puesta en funcionamiento de las dos pruebas en este municipio señala que es viable descentralizar su realización, lo que amplía el acceso al diagnóstico de la VL en Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/economics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Agglutination Tests/economics , Agglutination Tests/methods , Brazil , Cost of Illness , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , Feasibility Studies , Health Personnel/economics
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 18(6): 1683-1693, Jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676392

ABSTRACT

A utilização dos recursos financeiros da educação permanente em saúde (EPS) no Brasil, mesmo seguindo a dinâmica estabelecida no Pacto de Gestão, ainda configura-se como um problema nesse contexto. O objetivo foi analisar como ocorre a gestão dos recursos financeiros da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em duas Comissões Permanentes de Integração Ensino-Serviço (CIES), em Santa Catarina. Estudo qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa participante, realizado através da adequação da Investigação Temática de Paulo Freire, de maio-dezembro/2009, com 56 membros de duas CIES que, após a formação de círculos de investigação, participaram das etapas: levantamento dos temas geradores, codificação, decodificação e desvelamento crítico da realidade. A observação participante e o diálogo foram as principais técnicas de coleta de informações. Os resultados indicam que as CIES se assemelham nas problemáticas relacionadas à gestão de recursos destinados à política, sendo a burocratização, a indefinição de formas de gestão financeira e a morosidade que permeiam as estruturas regionais responsáveis pela gestão dos recursos são os principais fatores explicitados. Os participantes apresentam como possibilidades de mudança a elaboração de ações de EPS sobre a gestão de recursos financeiros em nível estadual.


Despite adhering to the dynamics established in the Management Pact, the use of financial resources of Permanent Education in Health (PEH) still features as a problem in Brazil. This study analyzes how the management of these financial resources by two Permanent In-Service Learning Integration Committees (ICLS) evolves in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. It involves a qualitative, participatory research study adapted from Paulo Freire's Thematic Research conducted with 56 members from two ICLS between May and December 2009. After setting up the research groups, the members participated in the stages of theme generation surveys, encoding, decoding, and critical exposition of the reality. Participant observation and dialogue were the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that the two ICLS are not dissimilar in terms of issues of management of resources destined for policy, with bureaucracy, the indefinition of forms of financial management and delays that permeate regional structures responsible for resource management being the main factors detected. The participants considered the elaboration of PEH actions in the management of financial resources at state level to be the main opportunities for change.


Subject(s)
Education, Continuing/economics , Health Personnel/economics , Health Personnel/education , Inservice Training/economics , Brazil , Inservice Training/organization & administration
7.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 507-516, 2013.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-87441

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use cost-benefit analysis of activity to clarify the economic effect of prepared nurses versus atmospheric environment managing engineers as healthcare managers. METHODS: For the study 111 workplaces were surveyed, workplaces in which nurses or atmospheric environment managing engineers were employed as healthcare managers. The survey content included annual gross salaries, participation in external job training, costs in joining association covered by the company, location and year of construction of the healthcare office, various kinds of healthcare expenditures, costs in operating healthcare office, health education, and activity performance in the work of environment management. RESULTS: In the case of the healthcare manager being a nurse, benefit was larger than input costs at a ratio of 2.31. On the other hand, in the case of healthcare manager being an atmospheric environment managing engineer, input costs were larger than benefits (benefit-cost ratio 0.88). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nurses are an effective healthcare human resource and can offer good quality healthcare service. Therefore companies should hire nurses and actively promote the economic efficiency of nurses in workplace.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Personnel/economics , Nurses/economics , Occupational Health Nursing/economics , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. adm. saúde ; 12(49): 195-207, out.-dez. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612332

ABSTRACT

Um dos grandes desafios para os serviços hospitalares no Brasil é o aumento da eficiência. Para enfrentar este grande desafio, a gestão de custos, aliada à aplicação das técnicas da contabilidade dos custos, mostra-se um instrumento de grande importância. Este trabalho demonstra a aplicação da gestão de custos num hospital público. Os custos foram apurados utilizando o método de custeio por absorção do tipo RKW, e também foi aplicada a análise custo-volume-superávit. Os resultados indicam uma situação bastante preocupante, visto que o hospital apresentou no período analisado um expressivo déficit. Recomenda-se que o hospital adote uma política de gestão de custos e melhore sua articulação no nível regional, a fim de receber mais pacientes de outros municípios, medida que, em virtude da economia de escala, produzirá melhoria na situação econômica do hospital.


Subject(s)
Accounting , Hospital Administration/economics , Cost Control , Total Quality Management , Hospitals, Public , Health Personnel/economics , Outsourced Services/economics
12.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 53 p. mapas, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600438

ABSTRACT

A fitoterapia e o uso de plantas medicinais fazem parte da medicina popular, que diminuiu frente ao processo de industrialização nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, aumentando a busca, pela população, por terapias menos agressivas destinadas ao atendimento primário à saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o conhecimento dos gestores e profissionais de saúde que atuam na atenção primária, sobre fitoterapia e o uso de plantas medicinais, nos municípios de Cascavel e Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná. Para tanto, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2009, foi realizado estudo exploratório, descritivo, qualitativo, empregando como instrumentos de pesquisa entrevistas semi-estruturadas e um questionário estruturado, autoaplicado, com perguntas fechadas, a fim de contemplar os seguintes aspectos: perfil dos profissionais; aceitabilidade quando à implantação da fitoterapia na atenção básica; confiança nos tratamentos com fitoterápicos; capacitação e formação profissional relacionados à fitoterapia, entre outros itens. Um dos gestores do município de Cascavel relatou interesse na implantação do programa. Os demais profissionais entrevistados relataram não haver recebido formação sobre o tema durante a graduação, nem mesmo dentro das UBS onde trabalham. Entre os profissionais entrevistados seis (60%) relataram o acesso às informações sobre fitoterapia através do conhecimento popular, uma (10%) formação na UBS, dois (20%) através de periódicos, quatro (40%) através de meio de comunicação, sendo que quatro citaram mais que uma das opções. Em Foz do Iguaçu, nas UBS onde a terapêutica está implantada, os profissionais relataram não terem sido consultados antes de sua implantação, e a avaliação das plantas utilizadas pelos pacientes atendidos ocorre somente através de avaliação objetiva e subjetiva do tratamento. Para implantação da fitoterapia nas USB desses dois municípios, é necessário capacitar os profissionais quanto ao tema, desde o cultivo até a prescrição, melhorando o uso...


The phytoterapy and the use of medicinal plants are part of practice of the popular medicine, that decreased with industrialization, in the 1940 and 1950s, increasing the search, of population, of therapies less aggressive, in the primary health care. This practice is complementary to the usual treatment used for the poor population. The purpose of this work was analyze the knowledge of the managers and health professionals, which works in theprimary attention, about phytoterapy and use of medicinal plants, in the cities of Cascavel and Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná. For this, in the period of February to July of 2009, was done an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study, using as research instruments half structuralized interviews and a structuralized, auto-applied questionnaire, with closed questions, in order to contemplate the following aspects: profile of the professionals;acceptability of the introduction of the phytoterapy in the basic attention; the trust in the treatments with phytoterapy; related qualification and professional formation to the phytoterapy, among others itens. One of the health managers judged the program of phytoterapy recent. Pointers of satisfaction of the population about the use of the phytoterapy or medicinal plants don’t exist. The health manager of Cascavel related interest in theintroduction of the program. The other professionals interviewed, related that didn’t have received formation about the subject during the graduation, not even inside of the health basic unit where they work. Six (60%) related the access to the information on phytoterapy through the popular knowledge, one (10%) formation in the health basic unit , two (20%) throughperiodic, four (40%) through media, four (40%) had cited more than one of the options...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care/economics , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care , Primary Health Care/trends , Phytotherapy/methods , Phytotherapy/trends , Health Personnel/economics , Health Personnel/education , Medicine, Traditional/history , Phytotherapeutic Drugs , Plants, Medicinal , Professional Training
14.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2004; 10 (1-2): 37-44
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-158257

ABSTRACT

Information on the cost of health services is essential for good planning and management and the efficient use of resources. We calculated the total costs incurred in running primary health services for one year [1995] in the health district of Enfidha [Tunisia]. The yearly operating expenditure for the health district was 1 219 099 Tunisian dinars and the cost per inhabitant was 17.494 dinars [US dollar 1 = Tunisian dinar 0.950 in 1995]; 65.37% of total costs went on staff and 17.03% on drugs. Looked at another way, 84,96% went on curative services and 14.04% on preventive services.The cost of a consultation for curative care was 6.847dinars, for perinatal care was 2.764 dinars, for immunization was 3.680 and for school visit was 6.680 dinars. The study helps to identify ways in which cost analysis can be used to explore efficiency and resource adequacy in the district


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel/economics , Health Services Research , Immunization/economics , Perinatal Care/economics , Preventive Health Services/economics , Referral and Consultation/economics
15.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 13(4): 203-213, abr. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-346113

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners (NISSRP) is a nationwide health care financing agency and service provider in Argentina. Among its services, the NISSRP provides outpatient drug coverage to more than 3.3 million beneficiaries, mainly senior citizens and disabled persons. In 1997, to help cope with its rising costs, the NISSRP agreed to transfer the risk for the cost of outpatient medications and cancer-treatment drugs to a consortium of pharmaceutical companies in exchange for a fixed monthly payment. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that this new approach had on three things: (1) the level of expenditures for the medicines that were included in the agreement, (2) the pattern of nonrational prescribing for NISSRP beneficiaries, and (3) this pattern's relationship with macroeconomic variables and the pattern of prescribing for Argentina as a whole. METHODS: We compared outpatient-medicine consumption in 1999 with consumption before the agreement went into effect. RESULTS: The actual amount that NISSRP beneficiaries spent out-of-pocket climbed from US$ 336.13 million in 1996 to US$ 473.36 million in 1999, an increase of almost 41 percent. The nominal amount "spent" by the NISSRP in 1999 was US$ 601.11 million, versus a real amount of US$ 374.75 million in 1996, an "increase" of 60 percent (that increase for the NISSRP was only theoretical since the agreement specified the fixed monthly amount that the NISSRP would have to pay to the pharmaceutical consortium). In contrast with the increased real spending by NISSRP beneficiaries, Argentina's economy remained stable over the assessed period, with the consumer price index even falling by 0.8 percent. We found high levels of nonrational drug use in the NISSRP system in both 1996 and 1999, indicating a serious ongoing problem. CONCLUSIONS: An agreement with pharmaceutical companies, like the one we have described, might add an element of financial predictability for institutions such as the NISSRP. However, such an agreement can easily result in an increased economic burden for health care beneficiaries, and without any improvement in the services that they receive. This type of agreement requires extensive mechanisms for control, follow-up, and updating, and it also risks making nonrational drug prescribing the accepted rule. While perhaps feasible, the requirements for this kind of agreement are actually very difficult to put into...


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Drug Industry/economics , Health Personnel/economics , Risk Assessment/economics , Argentina , Drug Industry/statistics & numerical data , Economics/statistics & numerical data , Fees, Pharmaceutical/statistics & numerical data , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Prescription Fees/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 28(4): 393-403, Oct.-Dec. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187130

ABSTRACT

In order to optimize the employment of financial resources to be allocated for hepatitis B vaccination programs involving health care workers, two different aspects were studied: the need of a pre-vaccination screening and the efficacy of low-doses schedules of HBV vaccine by the intradermal (ID) route. The economical analysis (a cost-minimization study) showed that when the prevalence of immune individuals is higher than 11 per cent it is more cost-effective to perform pre-vaccination screening. This situation was observed in the employees group. For students and doctors vaccination without screening was the best approach. Regarding the schedules, 3 doses of HBV vaccine by the intramuscular (IM) route (group A) were compared to first dose by the ID route and second and third doses by the IM route (group B) and to first and second doses by the ID route and the last dose by the IM route (group C). After the third dose, soroconversion rates in groups A and B (92 per cent and 93 per cent, respectively) and geometric mean titers of antiHBs (1278 UI/L and 789.6 UI/L) were similar, and both were different from group A (p < 0.05), showing that alternative vaccination schedules may be cost-effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Hepatitis B/economics , Health Resources/economics , Brazil , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines/economics , Hepatitis B/immunology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Health Personnel/economics , Health Resources
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